The English Mastiff, or simply the Mastiff, is a very large British breed of dog of mastiff type. It is likely descended from the ancient Alaunt and Pugnaces Britanniae, with a significant input from the Alpine Mastiff in the 19th century. Distinguished by its enormous size, massive head, short coat in a limited range of colours, and always displaying a black mask, the Mastiff is noted for its gentle and loving nature. The lineage of modern dogs can be traced back to the early 19th century, but the modern type was stabilised in the 1880s and refined since. Following a period of sharp decline, the Mastiff has increased its worldwide popularity. Throughout its history the Mastiff has contributed to the development of a number of dog breeds, some generally known as mastiff-type dogs or, confusingly, just as "mastiffs". It is the heaviest living canine, outweighing the wolf by up to 50 kg (110 lbs) on average.
Developed primarily in England, Mastiffs were adapted to various roles including guarding and companionship.
The English Mastiff is renowned for its considerable size, with a massive head and a short coat often seen in fawn, brindle, or apricot colors, accompanied by a distinctive black mask. Despite their imposing stature, they are known for their gentle and affectionate nature, making them excellent family companions. Historically, English Mastiffs have contributed to the development of other mastiff-type breeds. The breed's popularity has fluctuated over the years but has seen a resurgence in recent times.
A painting of about 1650 by Abraham Hondius of a bear-baiting with dogs, including at least one apparent Mastiff
A picture of 1804 by Philip Reinagle, engraved by John Scott, showing a Mastiff of the Bandog type
Alpine Mastiff (1805), contributor to the modern Mastiff along with his contemporaries of English stock
Marquis of Hertford's crop-eared black Mastiff Pluto (1830)
Lukey's Governor, born 1861, a six generation ancestor of Ch. Crown Prince
The controversial Ch. Crown Prince, pictured in old age
John Paul's 1867 painting showing a typical mid-19th century longer-headed apricot brindle
Beaufort, acclaimed 19th century champion, grandson of Crown Prince
Fawn English Mastiff
The Mastiff has a distinctive head with dewlap and flews. The black mask is visible even on this brindle.
Two Mastiffs: one apricot, one fawn
Even at four weeks, a Mastiff should seem massive
Trainability
Responsiveness to training: —/5